Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of shoulder impingement syndrome among bodybuilders.
Study design: It was a Cross-Sectional Study.
Place and duration of study: The study was conducted at the selected gymnasiums of Islamabad (Power Hub Gym, Get Fit Gym, and Ishaq Gym) from July to November 2023.
Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on male bodybuilders with ages ranging from 21-45 years. The consent was taken from each participant prior to the study. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, which included Demographics, a Visual analog scale, Hawkins Kennedy Test, Neer’s Impingement test, the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, and individual risk factors related to bodybuilders. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.
Results: Statistical data showed that 68% of total participants had positive Hawkins-Kennedy and Neer’s Impingement test , 52% of participants had moderate pain, 24% had mild pain, and a similar percentage had no pain. In terms of disability, 52% experienced moderate disability 48% had mild disability. 52% of subjects who use to have shoulder workout two to four days a week had positive results on the Hawkins-Kennedy test.
Conclusion: The present study concludes that shoulder impingement syndrome is prevalent among bodybuilders with functional limitations as well which affect their quality of life.
References
Nagerl H, Kubein-Meesenburg D, Cotta H, Fanghänel J, Kirsch S. Biomechanical principles in diarthroses and synarthroses. II: The humerus articulation as a ball-and-socket joint. Zeitschrift fur Orthopadie und Ihre Grenzgebiete. 1993 Jul 1;131(4):293-301.
Chang LR, Anand P, Varacallo M. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, glenohumeral joint. InStatPearls [Internet] 2023 Aug 8. StatPearls Publishing.
Kircher J, Morhard M, Gavriilidis I, Magosch P, Lichtenberg S, Habermeyer P. Is there an association between a low acromion index and osteoarthritis of the shoulder?. International orthopaedics. 2010 Oct;34:1005-10.
Hawkins RJ, Brock RM, Abrams JS, Hobeika P. Acromioplasty for impingement with an intact rotator cuff. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume. 1988 Nov 1;70(5):795-7.
Mäkelä M, Heliövaara M, Sainio P, Knekt P, Impivaara O, Aromaa A. Shoulder joint impairment among Finns aged 30 years or over: prevalence, risk factors and co-morbidity. Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 1999 Jul 1;38(7):656-62.
Ostor AJ, Richards CA, Prevost AT, Speed CA, Hazleman BL. Diagnosis and relation to general health of shoulder disorders presenting to primary care. Rheumatology. 2005 Jun 1;44(6):800-5.
Morrison DS, Frogameni AD, Woodworth P. Non-operative treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome. JBJS. 1997 May 1;79(5):732-37.
Flynn TW, Cleland J, Whitman J. Users’ guide to the musculoskeletal examination: fundamentals for the evidence-based clinician. Louisville, KY: Evidence in Motion. 2008.
Moor BK, Wieser K, Slankamenac K, Gerber C, Bouaicha S. Relationship of individual scapular anatomy and degenerative rotator cuff tears. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 2014;23(4):536-41.
Thoomes-de Graaf M, Scholten-Peeters W, Duijn E, Karel Y, De Vet HC, Koes B, Verhagen A. The responsiveness and interpretability of the shoulder pain and disability index. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2017 Apr;47(4):278-86.
Park HB, Yokota A, Gill HS, El Rassi G, McFarland EG. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for the different degrees of subacromial impingement syndrome. JBJS. 2005 Jul 1;87(7):1446-55.
De Jesus JO, Parker L, Frangos AJ, Nazarian LN. Accuracy of MRI, MR arthrography, and ultrasound in the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears: a meta-analysis. American journal of roentgenology. 2009 Jun;192(6):1701-7.
Yadav JK, Kaur J. Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among cricket players.
Siewe J, Marx G, Knöll P, Eysel P, Zarghooni K, Graf M, Herren C, Sobottke R, Michael J. Injuries and overuse syndromes in competitive and elite bodybuilding. International journal of sports medicine. 2014 Oct;35(11):943-8.
Rahman E, Akter MF, Haque MO, Rahman MH. Common Sports Injuries among Male Cricket Players in Bangladesh. Journal of Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2019 Nov 8;2(11):331-3.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Nursing and Allied Health