Abstract
Millions of people around the world are malnourished or have illnesses connected to dietary inadequacies. Unbalanced nutrient consumption is directly linked to several diseases, including diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, which cause significant numbers of deaths on a national and international scale. According to information from nutritional biology, diet is an external element that can affect several morphological and physiological behaviors through altering gene expression patterns. By affecting several molecular systems in the human body, nutrients can change the physiological state. Investigating how nutrition affects the functional dynamics of genomes in this setting requires the science of nutritional genomics.
The fields of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics are closely related; the former is used to study the impact of nutrients on gene expression in the human body, while the latter is employed to investigate the various responses of gene variants to dietary elements, nutrients, and the development of nutraceuticals. Moreover, nutrigenomics helps to explain how dietary changes in signaling pathways linked to many illnesses and disorders, such as cancer, diabetes, and other metabolic syndromes, occur. Maintaining good health requires proper nutrition, as deficiencies in vitamin D can lead to conditions like rickets and osteomalacia. Fortunately, advancements in genome or genetic engineering can aid in improving crops and providing essential nutrients for optimal bone health and overall well-being.
Keywords: Nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, Diet and disease, epigenetics, personalized nutrition
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