Determinants of Modern Contraceptive Discontinuation among Inclined Users: A Cross- Sectional Study in Rawalpindi City

Abstract

 Introduction

Contraception is the intentional prevention of conception through various devices, sexual practices, chemicals, or surgical procedures. Discontinuing contraceptives without wanting to conceive can lead to adverse health outcomes for the mother. Modern methods include oral contraceptives, barrier methods, IUDs, injectables, patches, and implants, chosen based on comfort, protection, and cost. Stopping contraceptives poses challenges to public health efforts in family planning and reproductive health. Understanding the factors behind this issue is vital for creating effective interventions and improving adherence to contraceptive methods. Research in Pakistan indicates that women often avoid birth control due to cultural or religious beliefs, family or partner opposition, health concerns, or fear of side effects.

 Objectives

To identify determinants associated with discontinuation of  contraceptives in inclined users in Rawalpindi city

Materials and Methods

 This three-month Cross-sectional study in Rawalpindi was specifically focused on married women. 324 participants who agreed to participate fulfilled the inclusion criteria using a interview based questionnaire form.

 Results
 Of the 324 women in Rawalpindi who responded, 32.19% had discontinued Oral Contraceptive pills, 30.31% had discontinued Barrier Method, 25% had discontinued Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device, 8.44% had discontinued Injectable Contraceptives, and 4.06% had discontinued Transdermal Patches after using each method for at least 6 months. Menstrual Abnormalities was the chief reason for discontinuation for Oral Contraceptive Pills. The chief reasons for Barrier method was slippage and breakage, for Intra Uterine Contraceptive Devices (IUCD) was Pelvic pain, for Injectables was site reactions and for Transdermal patches was skin discoloration.

 Conclusions

The results of this study show that the most common contraceptive method to be discontinued is oral contraceptive pills and the chief reason for discontinuation is menstrual abnormalities. Tailored counseling is vital to address these concerns effectively, and comprehensive reproductive health programs are recommended to promote equitable contraceptive use.